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| Maria Luisa, Duquesa de Sevilla, 1920. Foto (c) National Portrait Gallery . |
María Luisa Enriqueta Josefina de Borbón y Parade wurde am 4. April 1868 um 13 Uhr in Madrid geboren und war die erste von drei Töchtern von Enrique Pío de Borbón y Castellví, 2. Herzog von Sevilla (1848-1894) und Josefina Parade y Sibié (1840-1939). ). María Luisas Eltern heirateten zwei Jahre nach ihrer Geburt am 5. November 1870 in Madrid; Die Heirat ihres Vaters und ihrer Mutter legitimierte María Luisa. Dem Text einer späteren Klage zufolge wurde angenommen, dass Enrique und Josefina mit der Heirat und der Bekanntgabe der Existenz von María Luisa, die immer bei ihren Eltern gelebt hatte, bis nach dem Tod von María Luisas Großvater väterlicherseits, Don Enrique María de Borbón, warteten. , 1. Herzog von Sevilla, im Duell mit dem Herzog von Montpensier am 12. März 1870.
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| María Luisas Großvater Enrique mit seinen vier Söhnen, von denen der älteste María Luisas Vater ist. |
Die Großeltern väterlicherseits von María Luisa waren Enrique María de Borbón (Infant von Spanien von 1823–1848 und dann von 1855–1867), 1. Herzog von Sevilla (1823–1870), und Elena de Castellvi y Shelly-Fernandez de Cordova (1821–1863). María Luisas Großeltern mütterlicherseits waren Jean Parade und Geneviève Sibié. María Luisas Großonkel väterlicherseits war König Francisco de Asis von Spanien, der Ehemann von Königin Isabel II. von Spanien und mutmaßlicher Vater von König Alfons XII. von Spanien.
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| María Luisas Vater: Enrique, 2. Herzog von Sevilla. |
María Luisa was followed by two younger sisters: Marta de Borbón y Parade (1880-1928) and Enriqueta de Borbón y Parade (1888-1967; married her first cousin Francisco de Borbón). For unknown personal and warped reasons, Josefina held a great disdain for her eldest daughter, María Luisa, and showed a marked preference for her second daughter, Marta, the first of Josefina’s children born after she married Enrique. On the other hand, Enrique reportedly loved all of his daughters the same and, understandably, believed that his eldest daughter María Luisa should succeed him to the Ducado de Sevilla, while Josefina showed preference their second daughter Marta. King Alfonso XII of Spain felt concerned enough about the treatment of María Luisa by her mother that he had his cousin enrolled at the Colegio Santa Isabel in Madrid. María Luisa had initially expressed a desire to enter religious orders, which met with approval from her mother Josefina, as such a move would guarantee that María Luisa would not succeed her father to the Duchy of Seville, and thus pave the way for Josefina’s preferred daughter Marta to become the Duchess. When Enrique’s last and youngest daughter, Enriqueta, was born on 28 June 1885, the Duke of Seville took his eldest daughter out of school and became to introduce her to society, as he was now certain that María Luisa would very likely follow him to the Seville title. Josefina’s meanness towards her seventeen year-old daughter accelerated after María Luisa left Colegio Santa Isabel to such an extent that after the family had gone on a vacation together during the summer of 1885, that when María Luisa had returned to Madrid, then the young woman make the decision to try to join a religious order, so as to escape from her mother’s cruelty. Under the protection of Queen Regent Maria Cristina and King Francisco de Asis, María Luisa then went to an establishment in Lourdes accompanied by a nun of the same order that ran the Colegio Santa Isabel. Maria Cristina and her father-in-law Francisco paid María Luisa’s fees at the institution in Lourdes; María Luisa was eventually compelled leave her noviciate owing to illness. From there, she moved to London where she lived at a Convent of the Assumption in Kensington Square, where she resided until her eventual marriage.
Enrique, 2nd Duke of Seville, died on 12 July 1894 while on a ship in the Red Sea. A few weeks after her father’s death, María Luisa married Juan Lorenzo Francisco Monclús y Cabanellas (1862-1918) on 25 July 1894 in London. Juan was the son of Francisco Monclús and Dolores Cabanellas.
On 12 September 1894, Josefina, Dowager Duchess of Seville, filed a lawsuit contesting that (1) María Luisa should not be allowed to succeed her father as Duchess of Seville, (2) that María Luisa’s sister Marta should succeed to the dukedom, (3) that María Luisa should not receive any part of her father’s estate, and (4) that Marta and Enriqueta should be the sole heiresses of the late duke. On 15 December 1894, the court ruled that all three daughters of Enrique, Duke of Seville, were entitled to equal shares of his estate. On 15 July 1895, María Luisa was legally acknowledged as the 3rd Duchess of Seville by the Ministry of Justice and by royal decree.
The persecution of the daughter by mother did not cease. In March 1896, the Dowager Duchess of Seville brought another lawsuit wherein Josefina sought to completely destroy María Luisa’s position. In her suit, Josefina asked that the courts nullify the judgement of 15 December 1894 in addition to declaring void the baptismal certificate of María Luisa. The desire of Josefina was to have her eldest daughter declared to be not only illegitimate, but also to allege that her eldest daughter was not the daughter of her late husband Enrique. The ultimate aim of Josefina’s actions were to guarantee that her second daughter Marta would become the Duchess of Seville.
The claims of Josefina, Dowager Duchess of Seville, were sensational and extraordinary. Josefina denied that she had given birth to a daughter on 4 April 1868 (her eldest daughter’s date of birth) in Madrid. She claimed that she was still living in France, her country of birth, at the time. Josefina claimed that María Luisa had been born on 4 April 1863 in Paris, and that Enrique could not have been her father, as he was only fourteen years-old at the time. Josefina asserted that she and Enrique, after their 1870 marriage, had allowed María Luisa to adopt the Borbón surname; however, Josefina stated that the couple had only done this being mindful of the supposedly sad circumstances of the young girl, who had no other family. Josefina introduced into evidence letters allegedly from her late husband, in which Enrique claimed to only have two legitimate daughters, Marta and Enriqueta, and letters allegedly from María Luisa in which her daughter wrote that she had no claim to the Dukedom of Seville or to the personal fortune of Enrique. One of the letters provided read as follows: “Being ignorant of the lot that Providence has in store for me, and as it may be possible that my days are numbered, in order to safeguard the interests and rights of my beloved and unfortunate daughters Marta de Borbón and Enriqueta de Borbón, who are my only daughters and are legitimate, I entrust this writing to my beloved wife, Josefina Paradé y Libié, Duchess of Sevilla, so that upon my death she may defend the rights of the two beings whom I love so much.-Having had no children during the first years of our marriage and believing that, considering the time elapsed, we would never enjoy that happiness, at the request of my wife I decided to bestow my name upon and to have considered as my daughter a girl whom my wife had sheltered, who stayed in Paris under the name of María Paradé at the Bohnier boarding school and under the name of María Sevilla at the boarding school of Madame Jourdani and under the latter name in another school of Angulema until the day when she first bore my name, being thereafter considered as our daughter. Providence having been so kind as to give me on May 5, 1880, my adored daughter Marta and on June 28, 1885, my other much beloved daughter Enriqueta, the situation of my legitimate daughters, my true and only daughters, was critical in the face of the claims of the girl to whom, out of pity, I had given my name and by which she is known in the Royal College of Santa Isabel (Madrid); and although in a moment of folly I acknowledged her, I can not ignore the duty of a loving father, the voice of blood and of conscience, or the right that my real daughters have, so that nobody may claim what is theirs and so that they may know the truth.” This letter of Enrique, Duke of Seville, was later used in a case that appeared before the Supreme Court in Puerto Rico in which a man sought the annulment of his acknowledgement of a natural child.
Josefina’s assertions were met with a declaration by the civil servant who authorised the baptism of her eldest daughter. The statement read: “In the city of Madrid, on 9 March 1878, I, Dr. Vicente de Manterola, Magistral Canon of the Holy Cathedral Church of Vitoria and Curate of that church of San Andrés in this said town, by virtue of authorisation granted by the Patriarch of the Indies, Military Vicar General and Senior Chaplain Priest of the Royal Palace, in a decree of 9 March, I solemnly administered the Holy Sacrament of Baptism to María Luisa Enriqueta Josefina, who was born in Madrid on April 4 of 1868, at one in the afternoon, and that the same day she was baptized by Dr. Gabriel de Usera y Alarcón, now deceased, as daughter of Don Enrique Pío María Francisco de Paula Luis Antonio de Borbón y de Castellví, Duke of Seville, and Doña Josefina Paradé y Libié; the first from Toulouse and the second from Argelés, both in the Kingdom of France; the paternal granddaughter of HRH Infante Enrique of Spain and Her Excellency Doña Elena de Castellví, Duchess of Seville; and on the maternal side, Messrs. D. Juan and Doña Genoveva; Her godfather was the Presbyter Pedro Lumbreras, Senior Lieutenant of the priest of this church, to whom I warned of the spiritual kinship and other obligations, and as witness was José Díaz y León; and I sign this, Vicente de Manterolas.” María Luisa further countered her mother’s allegations by submitting that she was indeed born in 1868 at Madrid, and not in 1863 at Paris. María Luisa noted her father’s affection for her, and her mother’s disdain for her after the birth of her sister Marta. María Luisa also submitted a letter from her father, which read: “My very dear daughter: Although in five days I will have the pleasure of hugging you, I want you to receive my thoughts tomorrow as proof of the true affection that I profess for you on the occasion of tomorrow, the 4th of April, being the anniversary of your birth. You are eleven years old, and I pray to God that for long and happy years I may receive your sweet caresses and tender hugs. I will write to you before I go to look for you, and I will finish today because of how busy I am. Receive a thousand hugs from your father, who always loves you the same. Enrique. Bordeaux 3 April 1879.“
Josefina countered her eldest daughter’s evidence by claiming that María Luisa had indeed been born on 4 April 1863 at Paris to Josefina, who had given her the name Maria Paulina. Josefina alleged that María Luisa had then been taken care of by an aunt of Josefina. Ultimately, the court ruled (1) that María Luisa was born in 1868 as the natural daughter of Enrique and Josefina, (2) that María Luisa had been subsequently legitimised by her parents’ marriage in 1870, and (3) that María Luisa had the right to succeed to her father’s title.
In 1908, María Luisa and her husband Juan left their residence in Barcelona and took a house in London and a country house in Sussex. María Luisa was more commonly referred to as Marie Louise in the British press; she was also often accorded the style of Royal Highness and the title Princess of Bourbon – neither of which she legally possessed. The Duchess of Seville and her husband quickly joined and were accepted by British high society. In December 1911, the Duke Consort of Seville underwent a serious operation in London; Juan spent his recovery in a nursing home. In May 1914, several works of Pablo Antonio Béjar Novella, a painter for Spanish royals, were unveiled at Welbeck Gardens: the subjects of his brush were Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, the Ambassadress of Spain, and the Duchess of Seville. The exhibition was visited by King Manoel II of Portugal with his mother Queen Amélie as well as Princess Beatrice of Battenberg. Juan, Duke of Seville, joined the British war effort during World War I and served as a private in the Coldstream Guards. He was wounded in Rochdale, France, in December 1915. In April 1916, María Luisa met then-Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia (later King Alexander I of Yugoslavia) during a visit that Alexander made to London to increase awareness of the Serbian military efforts during the Great War. On 13 December 1918 in Shropshire, Juan Monclús y Cabanellas, Duke of Seville, died following an operation; he was fifty-six years-old. María Luisa was now a widow; she and Juan did not have children.
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| Enriqueta, Duchess of Seville. |
On 2 July 1919, María Luisa ceded the Duchy of Seville to her youngest sister, Enriqueta. Their middle sister Marta waived her rights of succession. In 1907, Enriqueta had married her first cousin Francisco de Bórbon de la Torre (1882-1952); the couple had three children, thus securing the future of the Duchy of Seville. Enriqueta’s grandson is the current Duke of Seville.
María Luisa’s sister Marta died on 19 March 1928 in Madrid. Marta was forty-seven years-old. She had never married and left no children.
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| Maria Luisa, Duquesa de Sevilla, in 1920. Photo (c) National Portrait Gallery. |
Im Juli 1929 hinterließ Mr. Frederick Dempster-Smith, ein ehemaliger Gast des Hotels Victoria in London und des Imperial Hotels in Bournemouth, María Luisa 5.000 £ (heutiger Gegenwert: 221.777 £). Mr. Dempster-Smith vermachte dieses Vermächtnis und „ bat Ihre Königliche Hoheit, einen solchen Betrag als kleines Zeichen der Dankbarkeit für ihre unerschütterliche Freundlichkeit, Rücksicht und Sympathie mir und meiner Familie gegenüber über so viele Jahre hinweg anzunehmen. “ Irgendwann zog María Luisa zurück nach Spanien. Im Juli 1934 war María Luisa Gast von Mrs. Maurice Clayton in London; es war ihr erster Besuch in der britischen Hauptstadt seit der spanischen Revolution. Am Ende ihres Aufenthalts kehrte María Luisa nach Barcelona zurück.
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| Die Todesanzeige von Doña Josefina, Duquesa Viuda de Sevilla. |
Am 20. Oktober 1939 starb María Luisas Mutter Josefina, Herzoginwitwe von Sevilla, in Madrid. Josefina war 99 Jahre alt. Trotz der Anstrengungen, die die Herzoginwitwe unternahm, um ihre älteste Tochter zu enterben, wurde María Luisa in Josefinas Nachruf als ihre Tochter aufgeführt.
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| Eine Kopie des Porträts von Maria Luisa von Pablo Antonio Béjar Novella. |
Doña María Luisa de Borbón y Parade, ehemalige Herzogin von Sevilla, starb am 10. Juni 1949 in Ciempozuelos, Spanien. Sie wurde 81 Jahre alt. María Luisas Tod wurde in der spanischen oder britischen Presse nicht erwähnt, und viele Jahrzehnte lang waren das genaue Jahr und Datum ihres Todes unbekannt. Sogar ihre Verwandten, die Nachkommen ihrer Schwester Enriqueta, waren sich nicht sicher, wann die erste Herzogin von Sevilla aus eigenem Recht gestorben war. Die königliche Forscherin und Autorin Netty Leistra von NettyRoyal fand 2013 die Einzelheiten zum Tod von María Luisa heraus.
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